英语语法——时态讲解(现在完成时)
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英语语法——现在完成时的结构、用法、定义详细讲解一、现在完成时的结构have/has+过去分词二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用,表示“已发生”或“未发生”,如:yet, just, before, recently, once, lately, of late等;也同表示频度的时间状语连用,如:often, ever, never, sometimes, twice, on several occasions等;也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如:now, today, this morning, this month, this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语(in 1995, last year等)连用。例句:He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。Why haven't I seen you all these months?我怎么这么多月没看见你呢?We've had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用,如:so far, up to now, since last year, for a long time, all my life, these few days等。例句:He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。Up to now,we have received no news from her.到现在为止,我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。3、某些非延续性动词(动作一开始就结束的动词),在现在完成时中,不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的这类动词有:come, go, begin, start, become, arrive, get, reach, leave, join, end, lose等。例句:Marry has been married for six years.玛丽已经结婚6年了。The two presidents have met for three hours.两位总统会晤了3个小时。I have changed my address since last year.自去年以来我就换了地址。4、在after,as soon as,if,till,when等引导的状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例句:I shall go to see you when I have finished my homework.等我完成作业后就会去见你。If he hasn't gone to bed when you see him,tell him to give me a ring.如果你见到他的时候他还没有睡,让他给我打个电话。5、"It/This is/will be the first/last/second/third,...time that..."结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。例句:This is the first time that I've heard her sing.这是我第一次听她唱歌。It is the second time we've met each other.这是我们第二次见面了。6、"It/This is the best/worst/most interesting+名词+that..."结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。例句:It is the best film I've ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。7、由since引导的时间状语从句,不论用的是延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时,还是非延续性动词的一般过去时,通常都表示动作的完成或结束。例句:Since he lived in Nanjing.自从他住在南京以来。8、Since引导的时间状语从句也可用在完成时。如果由since引导的状语从句的动作或状态延续至今,通常要用现在完成时。这种用法中since表示的不是动作的结束,而是动作的延续。例句:He has never been to see him since he has been ill.他生病以来他从没来看过他。I haven't seen him since I've been back.我回来后还没有见过他。9、表示某人的经历或已故某人的言论、某国的作用对现在和将来具有长久现实意义和深远影响。例句:Li Bai has left us great poems.李白给我们留下了伟大的诗篇。Europe has had a great impact on the development of world history.欧洲在世界历史的进程中产生过重大影响。10、现在完成时可以表示反问口气(与when连用)或感情色彩。例句:When have I been treated like this?我什么时候吃过这一套?11、现在完成时可同long ago连用。现在完成时有时可以同long ago连用,这样用的long ago或为事后想到的添补之词,或指比较笼统的过去,或表示结果。有时,现在完成时还可以同具体过去时间连用,为添补之词。例句:He's gone and started his own business long ago.他很久以前就离开去经营自己的事业了。I have ceased to write poems long ago.我早已不写诗了。12、现在完成时可以表示过去重复的动作,常与often,always等连用。例句:My mother has always gone to work by bus.我母亲一向坐公交车上班。13、现在完成时可以表示过去的经验、事件,同when,while,after从句连用。例句:We have often studied together when I have been in Paris.我在巴黎时我们常在一起学习。The manager has been sacked after the fire killed 5 women workers.那场火灾烧死5名女工后经理被撤职了。14、hope...+should/would型完成时从句。hope, think, expect的过去式之后,加上”should或would+完成式",常表示期望、希望落空,没有实现。例句:I thought you would have known that.我本来以为你会明白的。15、现在完成时可同进行时未完成的动作进行对比。例句:I don't care what he is doing or has done.我不在乎他正在做什么或已做了什么。16、get的现在完成时。get的现在完成时是have/has got,美式英语中用gotten。have/has got在口语中往往仅是一个现在完成时的形式,表示现在或将来的意义,实际相当于have/has,当“有”解释,但常有很灵活的译法。有时have/has got相当于have/has to,当“必须”解释。例句:I think he's got a lot of money.我想他有许多钱。We have got to go there next weekend.我们下周必须去那里。
发布者:嗨皮老师 |
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